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gnupg: Certificate Management

 
 5.1.3 How to manage the certificates and keys
 ---------------------------------------------
 
 '--generate-key'
 '--gen-key'
      This command allows the creation of a certificate signing request
      or a self-signed certificate.  It is commonly used along with the
      '--output' option to save the created CSR or certificate into a
      file.  If used with the '--batch' a parameter file is used to
      create the CSR or certificate and it is further possible to create
      non-self-signed certificates.
 
 '--list-keys'
 '-k'
      List all available certificates stored in the local key database.
      Note that the displayed data might be reformatted for better human
      readability and illegal characters are replaced by safe
      substitutes.
 
 '--list-secret-keys'
 '-K'
      List all available certificates for which a corresponding a secret
      key is available.
 
 '--list-external-keys PATTERN'
      List certificates matching PATTERN using an external server.  This
      utilizes the 'dirmngr' service.
 
 '--list-chain'
      Same as '--list-keys' but also prints all keys making up the chain.
 
 '--dump-cert'
 '--dump-keys'
      List all available certificates stored in the local key database
      using a format useful mainly for debugging.
 
 '--dump-chain'
      Same as '--dump-keys' but also prints all keys making up the chain.
 
 '--dump-secret-keys'
      List all available certificates for which a corresponding a secret
      key is available using a format useful mainly for debugging.
 
 '--dump-external-keys PATTERN'
      List certificates matching PATTERN using an external server.  This
      utilizes the 'dirmngr' service.  It uses a format useful mainly for
      debugging.
 
 '--keydb-clear-some-cert-flags'
      This is a debugging aid to reset certain flags in the key database
      which are used to cache certain certificate stati.  It is
      especially useful if a bad CRL or a weird running OCSP responder
      did accidentally revoke certificate.  There is no security issue
      with this command because 'gpgsm' always make sure that the
      validity of a certificate is checked right before it is used.
 
 '--delete-keys PATTERN'
      Delete the keys matching PATTERN.  Note that there is no command to
      delete the secret part of the key directly.  In case you need to do
      this, you should run the command 'gpgsm --dump-secret-keys KEYID'
      before you delete the key, copy the string of hex-digits in the
      "keygrip" line and delete the file consisting of these hex-digits
      and the suffix '.key' from the 'private-keys-v1.d' directory below
      our GnuPG home directory (usually '~/.gnupg').
 
 '--export [PATTERN]'
      Export all certificates stored in the Keybox or those specified by
      the optional PATTERN.  Those pattern consist of a list of user ids
      (⇒how-to-specify-a-user-id).  When used along with the
      '--armor' option a few informational lines are prepended before
      each block.  There is one limitation: As there is no commonly
      agreed upon way to pack more than one certificate into an ASN.1
      structure, the binary export (i.e.  without using 'armor') works
      only for the export of one certificate.  Thus it is required to
      specify a PATTERN which yields exactly one certificate.  Ephemeral
      certificate are only exported if all PATTERN are given as
      fingerprints or keygrips.
 
 '--export-secret-key-p12 KEY-ID'
      Export the private key and the certificate identified by KEY-ID
      using the PKCS#12 format.  When used with the '--armor' option a
      few informational lines are prepended to the output.  Note, that
      the PKCS#12 format is not very secure and proper transport security
      should be used to convey the exported key.  (⇒option
      --p12-charset.)
 
 '--export-secret-key-p8 KEY-ID'
 '--export-secret-key-raw KEY-ID'
      Export the private key of the certificate identified by KEY-ID with
      any encryption stripped.  The '...-raw' command exports in PKCS#1
      format; the '...-p8' command exports in PKCS#8 format.  When used
      with the '--armor' option a few informational lines are prepended
      to the output.  These commands are useful to prepare a key for use
      on a TLS server.
 
 '--import [FILES]'
      Import the certificates from the PEM or binary encoded files as
      well as from signed-only messages.  This command may also be used
      to import a secret key from a PKCS#12 file.
 
 '--learn-card'
      Read information about the private keys from the smartcard and
      import the certificates from there.  This command utilizes the
      'gpg-agent' and in turn the 'scdaemon'.
 
 '--change-passphrase USER_ID'
 '--passwd USER_ID'
      Change the passphrase of the private key belonging to the
      certificate specified as USER_ID.  Note, that changing the
      passphrase/PIN of a smartcard is not yet supported.
 

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